Which principle is known as 'cultural relativism'?

Cultural relativism is a fundamental concept in anthropology that emphasizes understanding a culture within its own context, values, and beliefs rather than judging it against the standards of another culture. This principle highlights the importance of seeing behaviors, practices, and beliefs as meaningful within the framework of the specific culture being observed.

By employing cultural relativism, anthropologists and scholars aim to foster an appreciation for the diversity of cultural expressions and to develop a more nuanced understanding of human behavior. This approach helps to prevent ethnocentrism, which is the tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to use it as the standard for evaluating other cultures.

In contrast, the other options reflect perspectives that are not aligned with the essence of cultural relativism. Specifically, determining the superiority of one culture over another, positing a linear evolution of cultures, or ranking cultures based on developmental criteria do not promote an understanding of each culture in its unique context. Instead, they promote a comparative framework that can lead to misinterpretations and undervaluing of the complexity of different cultural practices.