What traditional method did archaeologists use to map sites?

The correct choice, which involves the use of a compass and tape, reflects a traditional method of mapping archaeological sites that has been utilized for many years in the field. This method is grounded in basic surveying techniques. Archaeologists traditionally used a compass to determine directions and orientation of features within a site, allowing for precise recording of locations of artifacts, structures, and other significant features in relation to one another. The tape measure provided the necessary means to quantify distances between points.

In contrast, while satellite imagery and GPS technology has revolutionized modern archaeological mapping, it is a more contemporary tool that provides different advantages compared to traditional methods. Similarly, topographic surveys can be used to assess the land's features and contours, but they may not focus on the specific site artifacts as closely as the direct methods using a compass and tape. Digital mapping software, while extremely useful and accurate, is again a modern development that builds on the foundational techniques established by earlier methodologies such as using a compass and tape.