What research method is characterized by a long-term, immersive study within a community?

The research method characterized by a long-term, immersive study within a community is fieldwork. This approach involves anthropologists or researchers embedding themselves in a community for extended periods, allowing them to gather in-depth qualitative data through direct observation and participation. Fieldwork is central to cultural anthropology, as it fosters a deep understanding of local customs, practices, and social dynamics by engaging with the community on a personal level.

In contrast, survey research typically involves collecting data from a larger population through questionnaires, which lacks the immersive and personalized experience that fieldwork provides. A case study focuses on an in-depth examination of a specific instance or phenomenon, which may not necessarily involve immersion in a community over time. Meanwhile, meta-analysis involves synthesizing data from previously conducted studies rather than engaging in new, firsthand research within a community. Each of these methods serves distinct purposes, but fieldwork stands out for its emphasis on long-term engagement and direct interaction with a community.