What does "pastoralism" involve as a subsistence strategy?

Pastoralism involves a subsistence strategy centered on the herding and breeding of livestock. This approach is characterized by the management of domesticated animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, or camels, which are raised primarily for their products, such as meat, milk, and hides. Pastoralist communities often move their herds in search of fresh pastures and water sources, a practice known as herd mobility, which is essential for sustainable resource use in environments where climate and soil conditions may not support intensive agriculture.

This subsistence strategy contrasts with agriculture, which focuses on growing crops, or foraging, which is based on gathering wild plants and hunting wildlife. In pastoralism, the relationship with animals goes beyond mere husbandry; it encompasses cultural, social, and economic dimensions that shape the identity and livelihood of pastoralist societies. The effective management of livestock provides food security and represents a fundamental aspect of their way of life.