Define 'subsistence strategies'.

Subsistence strategies refer to the various methods and practices employed by societies to meet their basic needs for food, shelter, and other essentials for survival. These strategies are critical in anthropology as they reflect how different cultures adapt to their environments, utilize available resources, and organize their social structures around the production and distribution of goods.

By focusing on how societies obtain their necessities—be it through hunting and gathering, agriculture, pastoralism, or industrial means—scholars can better understand the economic, social, and cultural dynamics that shape human life. Recognizing these strategies helps illuminate the relationship between environment, economy, and cultural practices, providing insights into both contemporary and historical societies.

The other options do not encapsulate the essence of subsistence strategies. Those strategies are specifically about meeting the basic survival needs of a population, not about urban development, economic theories, or leisure activities.