Artifacts in archaeology are defined as what type of objects?

Artifacts in archaeology are defined as portable objects that have been created or modified by humans. This definition emphasizes the human element in the production, use, and alteration of these items, which can range from tools, pottery, and ornaments to everyday objects that help researchers understand past cultures, technologies, and social structures.

The focus on portability is crucial because it distinguishes artifacts from immovable structures or formations found on archaeological sites, such as buildings or earthworks, which are typically categorized differently. Understanding artifacts encompasses examining not only their physical characteristics but also their contextual role within societal practices, allowing archaeologists to draw connections between material culture and human behavior.

In contrast, natural formations are elements of the environment that have not been influenced by human activity. Structures built for habitation fall under a different category of archaeological remains, while remains of ancient flora and fauna pertain to biological, rather than cultural, artifacts. Each of these alternatives represents distinct aspects of archaeological study but does not fit the specific criteria defining what constitutes an artifact.